Current applications of proteomics: a key and novel approach

Proteomics represented vital applications of technologies in the identification and quantification of high to moderate proteins (cellular signalling networks) found in biological matrix such as tissues, cells and fluids. Proteomics based technical knowledge is applied and verified in several preclinical research settings such as invention of diagnostic markers for specific disease and have shown to be increased in clinical applications. Extensive studies on proteomics resulted in detection of biomarkers that have been highly advanced in using diseases for cancer, lungs, cardiovascular, renal and neuro-regenerative and Parkinson's disease by introducing human origins for biocompatibility such as urine and serum. Advancement in the proteomic methods is conferring candidate right direction for clinical usage. In this review, recent developments and widely used proteomics approaches such as Mass Spectrometry (MS), Microarray chips are elaborately addressed and also focused merits and demerits of commonly used advanced approaches such as Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and other used proteomics and that roles, in order to aid clinicians, were also discussed in the light of biomedical applications.

Evaluation of Results of Different Treatment Modalities in Management of Diaphyseal Fractures of Humerus.

Introduction: This paper presents evaluation of 103 patients of diaphyseal fractures of humerus treated by different modalities with a mean follow-up of two years. Material and methods: This is a prospective and retrospective study conducted at Dr Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Kangra (Tanda), HP, India during the year 2005-2006. It aimed at finding out comparison of the results obtained by different modes of treatment in fractures of humeral diaphysis. We studied a total of 103 patients out of which a prospective study involved 72 patients and a retrospective study (2003-2004) involved 31 patients (whose records were available). All the cases were examined clinically and radiologically and were managed with an appropriate method of treatment. The closed fractures were classified by Muller’s classification while Gustillo Anderson was used for open fractures. The nonoperative methods included cooptation or U-shaped brachial splint or U-slab, hanging arm cast, Velpeau dressing, Shoulder spica cast and functional brace. The patients with failure of closed reduction, with complex fracture geometry or open fractures were treated by operative methods. The patients were followed up weekly for the first three weeks and than at six weekly intervals to a maximum of two years (range 16-26 months) or till the union was achieved. From the prospective study, three patients were lost to follow-up and hence excluded from the study. Functional outcome was assessed by Modified Stewart and Hundley (1955) criteria. Results: Out of 100 patients there were (44 A fractures [A1-13, A2-9, A3-22], 36 B fracture [B1-26, B2-9, B3-1] and 20 C fractures [C1-15, C2-4, C3-1]). Out of these 14 fractures were associated with open injury (2 Grade I , 4 Grade II, 4 Grade IIIa, 3 Grade IIIb, 1 Grade IIIc). Forty-six cases treated conservatively united at 24 weeks (15.65 weeks) and 54 patients, which were treated by different modalities united at 36 weeks (Ex-fixator), 22 weeks (Nail), 20.3 weeks (Plate and screws). Good results were obtained in 100% by Velpeau dressing in children, 85% by U-slab, 50% by plate and screws and 33.3% with nailing. There were postoperative complications like infection (6%), radial nerve palsy (2%) and nondelayed union (5-6%). Conclusion: Conservative management is method of choice in management of closed diaphyseal fractures of humerus as it gives early union, better limb function and is devoid of any of the routine postoperative complications. Patients with failed conservative treatment, open fractures and fractures with complex geometry are better managed operatively. ORIF with plate and screws has proven to be better than nailing procedures in present series in terms of giving better functional outcome. Patients treated with external fixator had mostly fair and poor outcome as injuries dealt by them were open type III injuries.

A comprehensive review on fast dissolving tablet technology.

Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. Fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon introduction into the mouth, these tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth in the absence of additional water for easy administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several FDT technologies. Fast- or mouth dissolving tablets have been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. This review describes the various formulation aspects, disintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, patent formulation, evaluation tests, and marketed formulations.

Hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Tectona grandis linn. Root in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

This research aims to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Tectona grandis root in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. A comparison was made between the action of Tectona grandis methanolic extract and a known antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg p.o).The methanolic extract of Tectona grandis linn. root was administered orally at different doses to normal rats. The methanolic extract at 500 mg/kg dose level exhibited significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic activity.